By Tanya Kini
Despite India’s technology and media boom, news and mainstream media remains largely inaccessible in small Indian villages. Take Mewat in Haryana, which feels relatively isolated from the booming National Capital Region that is only 70 kms away from it. It’s served instead by Radio Mewat. Or Saiyere Jo Radio, which serves 54 far-flung villages in western Kutch, run by the Collective of Women Friends, which in turn is managed by the Kutch Mahila Vikas Sangathan (KMVS), a network of rural women’s collectives.
So what does it mean for disenfranchised women to produce their own media? Salma works with her husband at Bengaluru’s Radio Active, a community radio station started in 2007. The duo are touted as “the world’s first wife and husband waste-picker RJs” and they co-host the daily show, Kasa Shramika Parisara Rakshka. When Salma first became a radio jockey (RJ), everyone at the godown where she used to work as a waste picker encouraged her to continue since her programme uniquely dealt with their own work problems – like the state of the facilities and equality in working conditions. She still visits the godown to discuss workers’ issues and says that many others approach her as well.
“I’m not very educated but this station has helped me realise the importance of education and participation,” said Sarifa, Saiyere Jo Radio’s station manager in the village of Bhimsar in Kutch, Gujarat. “The community has helped us a lot in making our programmes a success, such as interviews on animal husbandry, agriculture, children’s shows, and songs.” In a KMVS video, Sarifa discussed how the station’s increasing popularity meant many more parents in the village were now encouraging their daughters to further their education and get jobs.
In another video, Sangham Radio’s women producers talk of how other radio stations, including prominent ones like All India Radio, ignore most village-specific issues like agricultural forecasts and folk heritage. Sangham Radio was set up by Dalit women in Machnoor village in what was formerly Andhra Pradesh and is now Telangana) in 1997, as a part of a women’s collective at the village level. It was started on this very principle — that the media has always treated people from rural areas, especially women, as consumers rather than producers of media, which must change. General Narsamma, who manages the station along with Agole Narsamma, said in the video, “We do not take help from outsiders because they don’t understand our issues, such as what affects our crops or why we sing a particular folk song for a festival.”
It is no wonder that community radio stations continue to thrive despite the rise of telephony and Internet. Their funding often comes from the involvement of NGOs, and some have reservations that the community factor in community radio isn’t as large as intended – that the NGOs remain mostly in charge of management while the community hosts and manages editing and broadcasting.
Radio Mewat was initially conceptualised by SMART, which had been involved with the community for 10 years. This came as a result of the Community Radio Policy changing in 2006 to allow NGOs to submit licenses for community radios. According to Kapoor, she has now handed over the management of the station to the community itself. She still helps out in content but that’s where her role ends, she says. “When Radio Mewat first started, I used to go to the village every day to oversee the operations and broadcasting,” she said. “But as the community began understanding the managing of the radio, it made sense to hand over control to them. After all, it’s community radio and the community needs to manage it.”
As per Tejaswini Dantaluri, who works at Deccan Development Society (DDS) as a liaison with Sangham Radio, the NGO’s involvement with the station is mostly to provide funding and training for the community in the village. In the case of Saiyere Jo Radio as well, according to the KMVS video, the NGO’s involvement seems to have been limited to recruitment and setting up the transmission tower and other equipment.
Community radio is thriving, and according to Kapoor, there’s a simple reason for this. “The community don’t have access to the internet, but are keen to learn more about their own culture and practices. Community radios facilitate this at minimal cost, which works out better in the long run for everyone.” While most media news focuses on the proliferation of the internet and its influence, it’s good to remind ourselves of the reality of Indian audiences and how one of the oldest forms of mass media is enabling Indian women under the radar.